Nmap

Nmap is an open-source network scanning tool used for host discovery, port scanning, and service enumeration. It allows security professionals to identify live hosts, open ports, running services, and potential vulnerabilities. Nmap supports advanced scanning techniques including OS fingerprinting, version detection, and scripting with NSE (Nmap Scripting Engine). It can output results in multiple formats for reporting or integration with other tools. Nmap is widely used in penetration testing, vulnerability assessments, and network inventory mapping.